According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2020, 685,000 people died from breast cancer, and 2.3 million received a diagnosis. It reported:

“As of the end of 2020, there were 7.8 million women alive who were diagnosed with breast cancer in the past 5 years, making it the world’s most prevalent cancer.”

Its prevalence might help explain why there is a wide range of myths attached to it. Here, we will tackle 15 of the most common misunderstandings.

Myth #1: Breast Injury Leads to Breast Cancer

Been bumped in the chest? Relax, it likely won’t cause cancer. While breast injuries can cause changes in breast tissue, these changes are not cancer itself.

Here’s the breakdown:

• Injury and Cancer: There’s no evidence that injuries directly cause breast cancer.
• Mimicking Cancer: However, injuries can sometimes cause scar tissue or fatty lumps (fat necrosis) that can resemble cancer on a mammogram (breast imaging).
• Don’t Panic: These lumps are usually benign (non-cancerous). A biopsy (tissue sample) can confirm the diagnosis.

Remember: If you notice a lump or change in your breast, see a doctor to get it checked out, regardless of any past injuries. Early detection is key!

Myth #2: Underwire Bras Cause Breast Cancer

Can your favorite bra raise your cancer risk? No need to ditch the underwire just yet! Here’s the truth:

• No Link to Cancer: Studies haven’t found any connection between underwire bras and breast cancer.

However, a good fit is important!  Doctors recommend choosing bras that fit well to avoid irritation.

• Skin Irritation: Ill-fitting bras, including underwires that dig in, can irritate the skin under your breasts. This irritation can increase your risk of skin infections, which are uncomfortable but not linked to cancer.

The Takeaway: Wear what makes you feel comfortable, but prioritize a good fit! Consider getting sized by a professional to ensure your bra provides proper support without irritating.

Myth #3: IVF and Breast Cancer Risk

Thinking about IVF and worried about breast cancer? Here’s the reassurance you need:

• Estrogen Connection: During IVF, medications stimulate egg production, mimicking estrogen activity. This has led some to wonder if it increases the risk of estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer (cancers fueled by estrogen).

• Research Says No Link: Thankfully, extensive research, including a recent major analysis, has found no increased risk of breast cancer in women who received IVF drugs compared to the general population.

The Bottom Line: IVF doesn’t raise your breast cancer risk. However, it’s always wise to discuss any health concerns with your doctor, especially if you have a family history of breast cancer.

Myth #4: Family History is the Only Risk Factor

“No family history, so no risk,” is a common misconception. Here’s why you should be aware:

• Majority Have No Family History: The truth is, most women diagnosed with breast cancer have no family history of the disease.
• Being a Woman is the Biggest Risk: Simply being female is the biggest risk factor for breast cancer. In the US, 1 in 8 women will develop it in their lifetime.
• Genetics Play a Role, But Not Always: Only 5-10% of breast cancers are caused by inherited genes. The majority are sporadic, meaning they have no clear hereditary cause.

Family history matters, but it’s not the only story. That’s why regular screenings are crucial:

• Schedule Your Mammogram: All women should start yearly mammograms at age 40.
• Earlier Screening for High-Risk Women: If you have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, talk to a genetic counselor by age 30. You may need to begin screening earlier than 40.

The Key Takeaway: Don’t rely on family history alone. If you’re 40 or older, get your mammograms. Early detection is key to successful treatment.

Myth #5: Stress Causes Breast Cancer

Feeling overwhelmed by daily pressures? Don’t worry, stress isn’t a direct cause of breast cancer.

Here’s the science:

• No Link Found: Extensive research has found no evidence that stress increases breast cancer risk.

While stress doesn’t cause cancer, it can negatively impact your overall health. Finding healthy ways to manage stress can benefit you in many ways:

• Prioritize Your Well-being: Explore stress management techniques like yoga, meditation, or spending time in nature.
• Benefits Beyond Stress: These practices can improve your mental and physical health, promoting overall well-being.

Remember: Take care of yourself! Manage stress effectively, but know it won’t directly affect your breast cancer risk.

Myth #6: Healthy Living Guarantees You Won’t Get Breast Cancer

Living a healthy life is amazing, but it’s not an absolute shield against breast cancer. Here’s why:

• Reduced Risk, Not Elimination: While maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet can significantly reduce your risk, it doesn’t eliminate it entirely.
• Risk Factors Beyond Control: Certain factors, like genetics and age, are unavoidable risk factors. Even some women who’ve had preventive mastectomies (breast removal) can develop cancer in remaining breast tissue.

The Message: Live Healthy, But Stay Informed

• Prioritize Your Health: Making healthy choices is crucial for overall well-being, even if it doesn’t guarantee immunity to breast cancer.
• Knowledge is Power: Be aware of your risk factors and talk to your doctor about personalized screening plans. Early detection is key!

Remember: Even the healthiest individuals can be diagnosed with breast cancer. Don’t let this discourage you from healthy habits, but do stay informed and proactive about your health.

Myth #7: Breast Cancer is an Older Woman’s Disease

Think breast cancer only affects older women? Think again! Here’s what you need to know:

• Age is a Factor, But Not the Only One: While breast cancer risk does increase with age (average diagnosis at 61), it can strike much earlier.
• Younger Women Can Be Affected Too: Around 5% of new diagnoses occur in women under 40, with rare cases even in teens (often with a strong family history).
• Early Detection is Key: If you have a high lifetime risk due to family history, talk to your doctor about genetic testing and potentially starting screenings earlier than 25.

Be Proactive at Any Age: Don’t ignore breast concerns. See your doctor about any lumps or changes you notice, and follow recommended screening guidelines based on your age and risk factors.

Myth #8: Lumps Always Mean Breast Cancer

Finding a lump in your breast can be scary, but it doesn’t automatically mean cancer. Here’s the breakdown:

• Most Lumps Are Benign: The good news is that most breast lumps turn out to be benign (not cancerous). This is especially true if you’ve had a recent normal mammogram.
• Don’t Ignore It: However, any new lump warrants a visit to your doctor. Early detection is crucial for any potential health concern.

Remember: A healthcare professional can evaluate the lump and recommend the best course of action. Don’t hesitate to schedule an appointment if you notice any changes in your breasts.

Myth #9: Abortion Increases Breast Cancer Risk

This is a persistent misconception, but extensive research shows no connection between abortion and breast cancer. Here’s a breakdown:

• Estrogen and Breast Cancer: Breast cancer risk is linked to estrogen exposure. Abortion disrupts the pregnancy hormone cycle, leading some to believe it raises risk.
• Large Studies Show No Link: Major studies, including one in Denmark with 1.5 million women, have found no association between abortion and breast cancer.

Peace of Mind: Multiple large-scale studies confirm that abortion does not increase breast cancer risk.

Remember: If you have concerns about breast cancer risk factors, talk to your doctor. They can provide personalized advice based on your unique health history.

Myth #12: Sugar Directly Causes Breast Cancer

Sugar gets a bad rap, especially when it comes to cancer. Let’s break down the truth:

• Sugar and Obesity: High sugar intake can contribute to obesity, which is a risk factor for breast cancer.
• Inconsistent Link: However, research on a direct link between sugar and breast cancer itself is inconclusive.

Sugar and Cancer: A Complex Relationship

• Cancer Cells and Energy: Cancer cells indeed need energy to grow. But they can utilize various sources, not just sugar.
• Focus on a Balanced Diet: Limiting added sugar is wise for overall health. Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains for optimal nutrition.

Remember: Maintaining a healthy weight and a balanced diet are crucial for overall well-being, but they may not directly prevent breast cancer.

Myth #13: Breast Cancer is a Woman’s Disease

Think breast cancer only affects women? Think again! Here’s why men should be aware too:

• Men Have Breast Tissue: Yes, men have breast tissue, although much less than women. This tissue can still develop cancer.
• It’s Rare, But It Happens: While uncommon, around 1% of all breast cancer cases in the US are diagnosed in men.
• Be Proactive: There are no official screening guidelines for men, but awareness is key. See your doctor if you notice any lumps, pain, or changes in your chest area, regardless of family history.

Risk Factors:

• Family History: A family history of breast cancer, especially the BRCA2 gene mutation, increases a man’s risk.

Early Detection is Key: While less common, male breast cancer is treatable when caught early. Be aware of your body and talk to your doctor about any concerns.

Myth #14: Mammograms Spread Cancer

This is a major concern for some women considering mammograms. Here’s what you need to know:

• No Link to Spreading Cancer: There’s no scientific evidence that mammograms cause cancer cells to spread.
• Low-Dose Radiation: Modern mammograms use very low radiation doses, making this a safe screening tool.

Compression During Exams:

• Compression for Clarity: The compression during a mammogram helps spread out breast tissue for clearer images. This doesn’t push cancer cells around.
• Needle Biopsies Done Safely: Needle biopsies, sometimes needed after a mammogram, are performed with extreme precision to minimize any risk.

Mammograms Save Lives

Early detection of breast cancer through mammograms is crucial for successful treatment. The benefits of mammograms far outweigh any minimal risks.

Myth #15: No Lump Means No Cancer

This is a common misconception that can be dangerous. Here’s why regular screenings are important:

• Mammograms Detect Early Cancers: Lumps aren’t always the first sign of breast cancer. Mammograms can find cancer before it’s large enough to be felt, significantly increasing the chance of successful treatment.
• Early Detection Saves Lives: When breast cancer is diagnosed in its early stages (stage 1), the survival rate is nearly 100%. This rate drops as the cancer progresses.
• Cancer Can Spread Without Lumps: Sometimes, cancer can be present and spreading even before a lump forms.

Mammograms Find Hidden Cancers:

• Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: This non-invasive cancer can show up as calcifications on a mammogram, but wouldn’t be felt as a lump. Early detection through mammograms is crucial for effective treatment.

The Takeaway: Don’t rely solely on self-checks for lumps. Schedule regular mammograms as recommended by your doctor for early detection and better treatment outcomes.

• Prevalence of Breast Cancer: Breast cancer is a common health concern for women.
• Healthy Habits Help: While not a guaranteed shield, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can lower your risk.
• Early Detection is Crucial: Regular screenings and vigilance are essential for catching breast cancer early, leading to better treatment outcomes.
• Schedule Your Exam: If you’re due for a mammogram, don’t delay! Early detection is key.
• Perform Self-Exams Regularly: Become familiar with your breasts and report any changes to your doctor.
• Spread Awareness: Share this information with your loved ones to empower them with knowledge.